Catenative verbs

                                                Catenative verbs

أي فعل يأتي بعدها يجب أن يأخذ to-infinitive           Verb +to-infinitive

expect      forget     hope    manage     mean     plan    seem     try    want  would like      would prefer.

   أي فعل يأتي بعدها يجب أن يأخذ ing                                    Verb + ing

Avoid       consider      dislike      enjoy      feel like      imagine      mind   remember       suggest.

Complete the conversation

*Basim: So when do you expect…to graduate..( graduate)from college, Khalil?

*Khalil: I hope ……to finish………..(finish) next summer, if all goes well.

B: Do you still  enjoy  ………doing…….(do) computer studies?                      I can't imagine ……taking……………(take) a course like that myself!

Kh: Well, we're cousins, but I suppose  we're very  different. I've never   

considered ........trying............(try) anything else!

B: Yes, you're right that we're  very  different. I tried .....to get............(get) interested in computer, but I never managed .......to enjoy..............( enjoy) them as much as things like art and especially music. 

Prepositions after verbs

preposition	verb	verb	verb
about	worry	think	ask
at	smell	shout	look
for	search	pay	look
From	escape	differ	borrow
in	succeed	specialise	believe
of	taste	remind	Consist
on	decide	rely	agree

Prepositions after nouns

preposition	noun	noun	noun
about	story	opinion	idea
for	wish	request	need
in	rise	fall	Decrease
of	result	explanation	amount
on	report	opinion	Information
to	introduction	attention	access
with	trouble	problem	difficulty

Prepositions after adjectives

preposition	adjective	adjective	Adjective
about	worried	sorry	Anxious
at	terrible	good	Amazed
for	responsible	ready	late
of	tired	proud	Afraid

Nouns with different prepositions for different purposes

Argument about something with somebody.

Discussion about/of something with somebody.

Effect of something on somebody.

Verbs with different prepositions for different purposes

Apply to somebody for something

Talk to somebody about something

Write to somebody about something

After/before/when/while)+ ing participles)

Time clauses can be change to participle clauses like the following example.

Before she went home, Nadia did some shopping.

Before going home, Nadia did some shopping.

إذا كان الفعل مع time clause  ماضيا يمكن تحويله إلى المضارع مع إضافة ing

Passive questions

Passive questions

1- Is he eating a cake?

2- Was she singing a song?

3- Were they speaking foreign language?

4-Has the mother prepared the milk?

5- Had you done the job?

لاحظ أن المطلوب تحويل الأسئلة إلى المبني للمجهول.

لاحظ المثال رقم 1

المفعول به هو a cake  ولكن لان لدينا صيغة سؤال فإننا لا نستطيع أن نبدأ به ولكن بفعل وهو is  ثم المفعول به ثم نكمل صيغة الأفعال المطلوب استخدامها وهي هنا being+past participle

فتصبح الجملة   Is a cake being eaten?

6- Does the man cut the trees?

Are the trees cut?                

7- Do they read the story?

     Is the story read?e eating a cake?6-6- 

بمعنى آخر: يمكن تحويل السؤال إلى جملة عادية يتم تحويلها إلى المبني للمجهول ومن ثم تحويلها إلى صيغة سؤال.

Passive voice

Passive voice

عند التحويل من مبني للمعلوم (أي الفاعل معروف في الجملة) إلى مبني للمجهول علينا التأكد من وجود مفعول به في الجملة.

عند التحويل يجب مراعاة مايلي :

1-      المفعول به يصبح فاعل.

2-      نبحث في الفعل tense ونستعمل إحدى القواعد في الجدول المرافق .فمثلا إذا كان الفعل مضارعا فإننا نستخدم

 (am, is are)+ past participle

Am إذا كان الفاعل I

Is اذ1 كان الفاعل مفردا

Are إذا كان الفاعل جمعا

وهكذا

Passive voice verb	Active voice verb
(am, is are)+ past participle	present	1
(was, were)+ past participle	past	2
(am, is, are)+being+past participle	Present continuous	3
(was, were) +being+past participle	Past continuous	4
(has, have)+been+past participle	Present perfect	5
Had +been+ past participle	Past perfect	6
Modal+ be +past participle	modals	7
Be going to+be+past participle	Be going to	8
Will have been+ past participle	Future perfect	9

أمثلة على التحويل من مبني للمعلوم إلى مبني للمجهول

Passive voice			Active voice
by Mary	is helped	John		John	helps	Mary
by Mary	is being helped	John		John	is helping	Mary
by Mary	has been helped	John		John	has helping	Mary
by Mary	was helped	John		John	helped	Mary
by Mary	was being helped	John		John	was helping	Mary
by Mary	had been helped	John		John	had helping	Mary
by Mary	will be helped	John		John	will help	Mary
by Mary	is going to be helped	John		John	is going to help	Mary
by Mary	Will have been helped	John		John	will have helped	Mary