Participle Clauses

Participle Clauses

1- Present participle clause: is like a relative clause in
 the present continuous.

e.g : I know the people visiting the head teacher.

                                 ( who are visiting the head teacher).

We use ing if the action is continuing, but if it isn't continuing omit ing .

  I know the people visit the head teacher.

2- Past participle clause : is like a  passive relative clause in a past or perfect tense.

The man chosen for the job will start next week.

              (who was chosen)

               (who has been chosen)

Modal verbs : present forms

Able ( ability ) : can / can not.

1- I can swim in the sea

                 هنا can تعني الاستطاعة والقدرة     .

2- I can't speak Italian .

       هنا can تعني عدم القدرة والاستطاعة لأنها منفية

Allowed : can / can not

 1- You can use your phone.

        هنا can تعني المسموح أي : يسمح لك باستخدام الهاتف.

2-  You can't use your phone.

        هنا can تعني غير المسموح به أي: لا يمكنك استخدام الهاتف

إذن نستنتج من الأمثلة السابقة أن can يمكن استخدامها في مجالين الأول القدرة على القيام بشيء والثاني المسموح به .

Necessary : have to /don't have to

                    (  Need to / must ) very strong

 1- We all have to study first aid .

       أي ضروري أن نتعلم الإسعاف الأولي

 Possible : may /may not

                   Might /might not

                   Could/could not

كلها تدل على الإمكانية (احتمال الشيء)

1- You may pass your test.

أي ممكن أن تنجح في امتحانك.

A good idea /important to do something

      Should/should not

      Ought /ought not

تعني فكرة جيدة أو مهم أن نفعل شيء ما

( تستخدم للنصيحة في الزمن الحاضر )

1- You should study for your tests.

2- You shouldn't come late to school.

3- You ought to write carefully.

Necessary not to do something

Unnecessary to do something

         Must not

         Don't need to

          Need not

ليس من الضروري عمل شيء ما

1- You must not put yourself in danger.

2- You don't have to worry.